儿童果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶缺乏症4例临床特征与文献复习

doi:10.12372/jcp.2026.25e1355

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To summarize the clinical features and genetic variation characteristics of children with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency (FBP1D) caused by FBP1 gene variations. Methods Four pediatric patients with FBP1D admitted from January 2019 to June 2025 were enrolled as study subjects. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, genetic testing results, treatment strategies, and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to summarize data of previously reported Chinese FBP1D patients. Results The four patients were from four unrelated families, including 1 male and 3 females, with ages at diagnosis of 2 years and 3 months, 3 years and 5 months, 2 years and 11 months, and 4 years and 4 months, respectively. Core clinical presentations included fever, vomiting, anorexia, accompanied by drowsiness, fatigue, hyperhidrosis, and lethargy. Laboratory tests revealed hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, elevated lactate, and increased blood ketone bodies. All patients carried homozygous or compound heterozygous FBP1 gene variants, among which three novel variants were identified (c.242T>C, c.469G>C, c.115C>A). During a follow-up period of 6 months to 6 years, all patients achieved well-controlled disease under strict dietary management and close blood glucose monitoring, with essentially normal physical and mental development. As of December 20, 2025, a total of 38 FBP1D cases had been reported in China (23 males, 15 females), with the most common manifestations being hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and convulsions. Approximately 81.6% of patients exhibited normal intellectual and motor development without neurological sequelae. The most frequent FBP1 gene variants were c.960dup, c.960del, c.490G>A, c.704del, and c.355G>A. Conclusion Ketotic hypoglycemia accompanied by metabolic acidosis and elevated lactate should raise suspicion of FBP1D, and genetic testing is recommended in such cases. Rational dietary management and blood glucose monitoring can effectively reduce the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes in FBP1D children. Hypoglycemic attacks tend to decrease with age, and most patients have a favorable prognosis.

Key words: ketotic hypoglycemia, FBP1 gene, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase deficiency, child

CLC Number:

HUANG Shuyue, CHENG Ming, WANG Xi′ou, SONG Yi, DU Mu, SONG Fuying, CAO Bingyan. Clinical features of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency in 4 children and literature review[J].Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2026, 44(5): 438-444.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Table 2

References 30

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项目	例1	例2	例3	例4
性别	女	女	男	女
起病年龄	1岁8月龄	2岁9月龄	2岁11月龄	1岁4月龄
诊断年龄	2岁3月龄	3岁5月龄	2岁11月龄	4岁4月龄
确诊时身高/cm 体重/kg	92.5(P₇₅~P₉₀) 16.5(>P₉₇)	96.5(P₂₅~P₅₀) 16.4(P₇₅~P₉₀)	90(P₃~P₁₀) 11.7(P₃~P₁₀)	100(P₁₀) 15(P₁₀~P₂₅)
红细胞/10¹²·L^-1	5.10	4.18	4.03	4.21
血红蛋白/g·L^-1	136	107	118	115
血气pH值	7.16	7.2	7.28	7.07
HCO^-₃/mmol·L^-1	7.8	7.3	17	6.5
BE/mmol·L^-1	-19.1	-17.1	-6.3	-24.8
乳酸/mmol·L^-1	12.10	3.82	2.70	7
葡萄糖/mmol·L^-1	1.20	2.66	2.63	<1.10
胰岛素/μIU·mL^-1	<0.20	0.30	<0.20	0.25
C肽/ng·mL^-1	0.198	0.204	0.133	0.960
D3羟丁酸/mmol·L^-1	1.58	2.67	3.49	5.48
HbA1C	5.2	5.0	5.2	5.0
皮质醇/μg·dL^-1	23.90	25.31	20.49	16.49
ACTH/pg·mL^-1	88.6	45.6	74.1	26.6
ALT/U·L^-1	65.6	15.1	29.7	58.4
AST/U·L^-1	56.2	25.9	28.4	28.3
三酰甘油/mmol·L^-1	0.49	1.03	0.73	2.30
肌酐/μmol·L^-1	21.2	22	24.8	32
尿素氮/mmol·L^-1	3.7	5.3	4.3	5.6
尿酸/mmol·L^-1	667	494	747	720
K⁺/mmol·L^-1	3.8	3.5	4.7	3.4
Na⁺/mmol·L^-1	136	133	139	131
Cl^-/mmol·L^-1	105	95	107	92
尿液有机酸分析	乳酸、酮体、双羧酸、丙氨酸升高	酮体、甘油升高	酮体、甘油稍高	乳酸、酮体升高
血氨基酸及酯酰肉碱谱	乳酸，丙酮酸升高	乳酸升高	未见明显异常	丙氨酸升高
腹部超声	脂肪肝，肝大	未见明显异常	未见明显异常	肝实质密度减低，肝大
头颅鞍区MRI	未见明显异常	未见明显异常	未见明显异常	-

患儿	核苷酸改变	氨基酸改变	变异状态	变异类型	来源	外显子/ 遗传方式	ACMG证据	变异评级
例1	c.861C>A	p.Tyr287Ter	复合杂合	错义突变	母亲	exon7/AR	PVS1_Strong+PM2_Supporting+PM3_Strong+PP4	P
例1	c.242T>C	p.Leu81Pro	复合杂合	错义突变	父亲	exon2/AR	PM2_Supporting+PM3+PP3_Moderate+PP4	LP
例2	c.490G>A	p.Gly164Ser	复合杂合	错义突变	母亲	exon4/AR	PS3_Supporting+PM2_Supporting+ PM3_VeryStrong+PP1+PP3_Moderate	P
例2	c.469G>C	p.Gly157Arg	复合杂合	错义突变	父亲	exon4/AR	PM2_Supporting+PM3+PP3_Moderate	VUS
例3	c.490G>A	p.Gly164Ser	纯合	错义突变	父母	exon4/AR	PS3_Supporting+PM2_Supporting+ PM3_VeryStrong+PP1+PP3_Moderate	P
例4	c.155C>A	p.Ala52Glu	纯合	错义突变	母亲	exon1/AR	PM2_Supporting+PP3_Moderate	VUS
例4	c.155C>A	p.Ala52Glu	纯合	错义突变	自发变异	exon1/AR	PM2_Supporting+PP3_Moderate	VUS

Clinical features of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency in 4 children and literature review

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